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COMBAT
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SEQUENCE
1 - Surprise and Positions
2 - Initiative
3 - Surprise Round (no use of action points, and surprised grant combat advantage)
4 - Take turns, repeat until battle is finished
5 - End encounter, take rest (or not)


INITIATIVE
Roll 1d20 and add the following:
✦ One-half your level
✦ Your Dexterity modifier
✦ Any bonuses or penalties that apply
(on a tie, character with higher init bonus goes first, if still the same, roll to determine who goes first amongst those in the tie)


THE MAIN ACTION TYPES
✦ Standard Action: Standard actions are the core of combat. You can normally take one standard action on your turn.
--- Examples: most attack powers, charging an enemy, using your second wind.
✦ Move Action: Move actions involve movement from one place to another. You can normally take them only on your turn.
--- Examples: walking, shifting.
✦ Minor Action: Minor actions are enabling actions, simple actions that usually lead to more exciting actions. You can normally take them only on your turn.
--- Examples: pulling an item from a pouch or a sheath, opening a door or a treasure chest, picking up an item in your space or in an unoccupied square within reach.
✦ Free Action: Free actions take almost no time or effort. You can take as many free actions as you want during your or another combatant’s turn. The DM can restrict the number of free actions in a turn.
--- Examples: speaking a few sentences, dropping a held item, letting go of a grabbed enemy.

POSSIBLE ACTION COMBINATIONS PER TURN
Option A - standard, move, minor
Option B - standard, two minor
Option C - two move, minor
Option D - move, two minor
Option E - three minor


OPPORTUNITY ACTION
✦ Trigger: Opportunity actions allow you to take an action in response to an enemy letting its guard down. The one type of opportunity action that every combatant can take is an opportunity attack (page 290). Opportunity attacks are triggered by an enemy leaving a square adjacent to you or by an adjacent enemy making a ranged attack or an area attack.
✦ Once per Combatant’s Turn: You can take no more than one opportunity action on each other combatant’s turn. You can’t take an opportunity action on your own turn.
✦ Interrupts Action: An opportunity action interrupts the action that triggered it.


THE START OF YOUR TURN
✦ Ongoing Damage: If you’re suffering ongoing damage (page 278), you take the damage now.
✦ Regeneration: If you have regeneration (page 293), you regain hit points now.
✦ Other Effects: Deal with any other effects that occur at the start of your turn.
✦ End Effects: Some effects end automatically at the start of your turn.
✦ No Actions: You can’t take any actions at the start of your turn.

THE END OF YOUR TURN
✦ Saving Throws: You now make a saving throw (page 279) against any effect on you that a save can end.
✦ Check Actions Spent: Some powers and effects can be sustained for multiple turns (see “Durations,” page 278). Check that you spent the action required to sustain a power or an effect during your turn. If you didn’t spend the action, the power or effect ends now.
✦ End Effects: Some effects end automatically at the end of your turn.
✦ No Actions: You can’t take any actions at the end of your turn.


MELEE ATTACK
✦ Targeted: Melee attacks target individuals. A melee attack against multiple enemies consists of separate attacks, each with its own attack roll and damage roll. Melee attacks don’t create areas of effect (page 272).
✦ Range: A melee attack’s range usually equals your melee reach. (Sometimes a power specifies that it affects only adjacent targets, though, so even if
you’re using a reach weapon, you can’t attack more distant targets with that power.)
✦ Reach: Most characters have a reach of 1 square. Certain powers, feats, and weapons can increaseyour reach.

RANGED ATTACK
✦ Targeted: Ranged attacks target individuals. A ranged attack against multiple enemies consists of separate attacks, each with its own attack roll and damage roll. Ranged attacks don’t create areas of effect (page 272). If you’re using a projectile weapon to make a ranged attack against multiple targets, you need one
piece of ammunition for each target, and if you’re using thrown weapons, you need one for each target.
✦ Range: Some powers set a specific range (“Ranged 10”) or allow you to attack any target you can see (“Ranged sight”). If you’re using a weapon, the attack’s range is the range of your weapon, as shown on the Ranged Weapons table in Chapter 7. Long Range: If you use a ranged weapon and your target is farther away than the weapon’s normal range but within its long range, you take a –2 penalty to your attack roll. You can’t hit a target beyond the weapon’s long range. A ranged power that doesn’t use a weapon has a normal range but no long range.
✦ Provoke Opportunity Attacks: If you use a ranged power while adjacent to an enemy, that enemy can make an opportunity attack against you.

CLOSE ATTACK
A close attack is an area of effect that comes directly from you; its origin square is within your space.

AREA ATTACK
Area attacks are similar to close attacks, except that the origin square can be some distance away from you, and because it is ranged, it can provoke an opportunity attack.


SPEND AN ACTION POINT: FREE ACTION
✦ During Your Turn: You can spend an action point only during your turn, but never during a surprise round.
✦ Gain an Extra Action: You gain an extra action this turn. You decide if the action is a standard action, a move action, or a minor action.
✦ Once per Encounter: After you spend an action point, you must take a short rest (page 263) before you can spend another.


ATTACK ROLL
Roll 1d20 and add the following:
✦ The attack power’s base attack bonus
✦ Situational attack modifiers (page 279) that apply
✦ Bonuses and penalties from powers affecting you

ATTACK BONUSES
When you create your character, you should determine your base attack bonus for each power you know, including your basic attacks. Your base attack bonus for a power includes the following:
✦ One-half your level
✦ The ability score modifier used for the attack (the power you use specifies which ability) In addition, any of the following factors might apply to an attack’s base attack bonus:
✦ Your weapon’s proficiency bonus (if you’re using a weapon you’re proficient with)
✦ Racial or feat bonuses
✦ An enhancement bonus (usually from a magic weapon or an implement)
✦ An item bonus
✦ A power bonus
✦ Untyped bonuses


DAMAGE ROLLS
✦ Roll the damage indicated in the power description. If you’re using a weapon for the attack, the damage is some multiple of your weapon damage dice.
✦ Add the ability modifier specified in the power description. Usually, this is the same ability modifier you used to determine your base attack bonus for
the attack.
In addition, any of the following factors might apply to a damage roll:
✦ Racial or feat bonuses
✦ An enhancement bonus (usually from a magic weapon or an implement)
✦ An item bonus
✦ A power bonus
✦ Untyped bonuses

Weapon Damage Dice: A [W] in a damage expression stands for your weapon’s damage dice. The number before the [W] indicates the number of times you roll your weapon dice.


ONGOING DAMAGE
✦ Start of Your Turn: You take the specified damage at the start of your turn. Example: If you’re taking ongoing 5 fire damage, you take 5 points of fire damage at the start of your turn.
✦ Saving Throw: Each round at the end of your turn, make a saving throw (page 279) against ongoingdamage. If you succeed, you stop taking the ongoing damage.
✦ Different Types of Ongoing Damage: If effects deal ongoing damage of different types, you take damage from each effect every round. You make a separate saving throw against each damage type.
✦ The Same Type of Ongoing Damage: If effects deal ongoing damage of the same type, or if the damage has no type, only the higher number applies.
--- Example: You’re taking ongoing 5 damage (no type) when a power causes you to take ongoing 10 damage. You’re now taking ongoing 10 damage, not 15.


CRITICAL HIT DAMAGE
✦ Natural 20: If you roll a 20 on the die when making an attack roll, you score a critical hit if your total attack roll is high enough to hit your target’s defense. If your attack roll is too low to score a critical hit, you still hit automatically.
✦ Precision: Some class features and powers allow you to score a critical hit when you roll numbers other than 20 (only a natural 20 is an automatic hit).
✦ Maximum Damage: Rather than roll damage, determine the maximum damage you can roll with your attack. This is your critical damage. (Attacks that don’t deal damage still don’t deal damage on a critical hit.)
✦ Extra Damage: Magic weapons and implements, as well as high crit weapons, can increase the damage you deal when you score a critical hit. If this extra damage is a die roll, it’s not automatically maximum damage; you add the result of the roll.


SAVING THROWS
✦ End of Turn: At the end of your turn, you make a saving throw against each effect on you that a save can end. Roll a d20, with one of the following results:
Lower than 10: Failure. The effect continues.
10 or higher: Success. The effect ends.
✦ Choose Order: Whenever you make a saving throw, you choose which effect to roll against first, which effect to roll against second, and so on.
✦ Modifiers: A saving throw normally doesn’t include modifiers; it’s just a d20 roll. Some powers, feats, or racial traits might modify a saving throw.


ATTACK MODIFIERS
Combat advantage against target +2
Attacker is prone –2
Attacker is restrained –2
Target has cover –2
Target has superior cover –5
Target has concealment (melee and ranged only) –2
Target has total concealment (melee and ranged only) –5
Long range (weapon attacks only) –2
Charge attack (melee only) +1

COVER
✦ Cover (–2 Penalty to Attack Rolls): The target is around a corner or protected by terrain. For example, the target might be in the same square as a small tree, obscured by a small pillar or a large piece of furniture, or behind a low wall.
✦ Superior Cover (–5 Penalty to Attack Rolls): The target is protected by a significant terrain advantage, such as when fighting from behind a window, a portcullis, a grate, or an arrow slit.

CONCEALMENT
✦ Concealment (–2 Penalty to Attack Rolls): The target is in a lightly obscured square or in a heavily obscured square but adjacent to you.
✦ Total Concealment (–5 Penalty to Attack Rolls): You can’t see the target. The target is invisible, in a totally obscured square, or in a heavily obscured square and not adjacent to you.
✦ Melee Attacks and Ranged Attacks Only: Attack penalties from concealment apply only to the targets of melee or ranged attacks.

FLANKING
✦ Combat Advantage: You have combat advantage (page 279) against an enemy you flank.
✦ Opposite Sides: To flank an enemy, you and an ally must be adjacent to the enemy and on opposite sides or corners of the enemy’s space.


HEALING SURGE: When you spend a healing surge, you regain one-quarter of your maximum hit points (rounded down). This number is called your healing surge value.

SECOND WIND: Once per encounter, you can spend a healing surge as a standard action. You also get a +2 bonus to all defenses until the start of your next turn. Some powers (either yours or another's) allow you to spend healing surges without using your Second Wind.


DEATH AND DYING
✦ Dying: When your hit points drop to 0 or fewer, you fall unconscious and are dying. Any additional damage you take continues to reduce your current hit point total until your character dies.
✦ Death Saving Throw: When you are dying, you need to make a saving throw at the end of your turn each round. The result of your saving throw determines how close you are to death.
Lower than 10: You slip one step closer to death. If you get this result three times before you take a rest, you die.
10–19: No change.
20 or higher: Spend a healing surge. When you do so, you are considered to have 0 hit points, and then your healing surge restores hit points as normal. You are no longer dying, and you are conscious but still prone. If you roll 20 or higher but have no healing surges, your condition doesn’t change.
✦ Death: When you take damage that reduces your current hit points to your bloodied value expressed as a negative number, your character dies.


Edit: added Healing Surge and Second Wind info

-- Edited by Monk on Monday 30th of August 2010 02:35:35 PM